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Fluid Mechanics

FM331FM541FM565
sangari.ro

FM331 · Cavitation in Venturi Tube

Experimental Apparatus for the Study of Cavitation in a Venturi Tube

Experiments
  • Operation of the Venturi tube
  • Pressure distribution in the Venturi tube as a function of flow rate
  • Verification of Bernoulli's equation
  • Theory of cavitation inception
  • Determination of the cavitation inception point for various flow rate values
  • Distinction between dissolved-air release and true cavitation
  • Prevention of cavitation by increasing the upstream static pressure
  • Determination of the dependence of cavitation inception on fluid temperature
FM331
Description
    The apparatus enables the investigation and visualisation of the cavitation phenomenon within a transparent Venturi tube, equipped with appropriate measurement and control systems. The flow rate through the system may be adjusted by means of control valves and is measured using a rotameter. Three pressure gauges monitor the pressure distribution across the Venturi tube — at the inlet, at the throat and at the outlet — allowing direct verification of Bernoulli's equation.
Schematic diagram of the FM331 apparatus
Venturi tube
Manometer
Manometer
Manometer
Thermometer
Rotameter
Pressure
Regulator
Ball Valve
Valves for
hot and cold
water mixing

Schematic diagram of the FM331 apparatus

Schematic diagram of the FM331 apparatus

Schematic diagram of the FM331 apparatus
Specifications
    Pressure measurement 3 dial gauges, range -1…2 bar
    Flow rate measurement rotameter up to 1000 l/h
    Pressure regulation 0.5…2 bar
    Venturi tube transparent, 3 pressure taps, each connected to a dial gauge
    Inlet diameter ø 18 mm
    Contraction angle 10.5°
    Throat diameter ø 3.5 mm
    Outlet diameter ø 18 mm
    Enlargement angle 4°
    Temperature measurement 0…60°C
    Flow rate regulation ball valves
    Piping copper with quick-connect couplings for connection to the water supply network

FM541 · Water Hammer in Pipes

Experimental Apparatus for the Study of Water Hammer in Pipes

Experiments
  • Water hammer as a function of valve closing time
  • Water hammer as a function of steady-state flow rate
  • Visualisation and measurement of pressure transients during water hammer
  • Determination of pressure wave reflection time
  • Calculation of wave propagation velocity in water
  • Modification of the valve closing law to prevent the onset of water hammer
FM541
Schematic diagram of the FM541 apparatus
Pressure vessel
air cushion — simulates open boundary, ensures clear wave reflection
Coiled copper pipe
33 turns · 60 m · coiling minimizes footprint while keeping full length for measurable reflection times
Pressure transducer
0…10 bar
Manometer
Solenoid valve
constant closing time (20…30 ms)
Solenoid valve
adjustable closing time (1…4 s)
Rotameter
up to 300 L/h
Safety valve
16 bar - protects against overpressure
Schematic diagram of the FM541 apparatus

Coiled Copper

Pipe

Pressure

Vessel

P

outlet

Solenoid Valves

variable time

F

constant time

needle valve

for flow adjustment

inlet

FM541 process & instrumentation diagram ( simplified )

Real Time Data Acquisition and Control Software
    FM541 data acquisition software interface

    FM541 data acquisition software interface

    FM541 data acquisition software interface

    FM541 data acquisition software interface
Connectivity
    Internet LAB FM541 Live Data On-site student Live Data Remote student WiFi

    The apparatus is equipped with Sangari Connect technology, which allows students to view live data and control the device both from computers in the lab and remotely.

FM565 · Pipe Networks

Experimental Apparatus for the Study of Pipe Networks

The analysis of a hydraulic system involves determining the flow rate distribution across the pipes of the system and the pressure at each network node, by applying the continuity equation at the nodes and the energy balance between the various nodes of the system.
FM565
Experiments
  • Head losses and hydraulic head for all configurations under study
  • Hydraulic resistance moduli of individual pipe segments
  • Equivalent resistance moduli of series-coupled pipes — definition verification
  • Equivalent resistance moduli of parallel-coupled pipes — definition verification
  • Equivalent resistance moduli of mixed-coupled pipes — definition verification
  • Head loss balance around the loop in a single-loop ring network
    • Schematic diagram of the FM565 apparatus — pipe networks
    Pump
    Reservoir
    Pipe segments
    Valves

    Schematic diagram of the FM565 apparatus — pipe networks

    Schematic diagram of the FM565 apparatus — pipe networks

    Schematic diagram of the FM565 apparatus — pipe networks
Specifications

    Five categories of hydraulic systems are studied:

    • Individual pipe segments
    • Series, parallel, and mixed coupling
    • Single-loop ring network
    Reservoir capacity 200 l
    Pipe segment length 700 mm
    Nominal cross-sections 25×1.9 mm (1 pc.), 20×1.5 mm (2 pcs.)
    Flow rate measurement electromagnetic flow transducer
    Pump 550 W, max. head 11 m, max. flow rate 12 m³/h
    Pipe coupling series, parallel, and mixed
    Ring network single-loop
    Pressure measurement water U-tube manometers, H = 1 m
Sangari
Get in touch
contact@sangari.ro
sangari.ro
Sangari Romania
Bucharest, Romania
In this selection
  • FM331 Water hammer in pipes
  • FM541 Water hammer in long pipelines
  • FM565 Hydrostatic & flow benches
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